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Aqua Safe Systems Reverse Osmosis Filter
To understand "reverse osmosis," it is probably best to start with normal osmosis. According to Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary, osmosis is the "movement of a solvent through a semipermeable membrane (as of a living cell) into a s olution of higher solute concentration that tends to equalize the concentrations of solute on the two sides of the membrane." That's a mouthful. To understand what it means, this picture is helpful:
A semipermeable membrane is a membrane that will pass some atoms or molecules but not others. Saran wrap is a membrane, but it is impermeable to almost everything we commonly throw at it. The best common example of a semipermeable membrane would be the lining of your intestines, or a cell wall.
Gore-tex is another common semipermeable membrane. Gore-tex fabric contains an extremely thin plastic film into which billions of small pores have been cut. The pores are big enough to let water vapor through, but small enough to prevent liquid water from passing.
In the figure above, the membrane allows passage of water molecules but not salt molecules. One way to understand osmotic pressure would be to think of the water molecules on both sides of the membrane. They are in constant Brownian motion. On the salty side, some of the pores get plugged with salt atoms, but on the pure-water side that does not happen. Therefore, more water passes from the pure-water side to the salty side, as there are more pores on the pure-water side for the water molecules to pass through. The water on the salty side rises until one of two things occurs:
The salt concentration becomes the same on both sides of the membrane (which isn't going to happen in this case since there is pure water on one side and salty water on the other).
The water pressure rises as the height of the column of salty water rises, until it is equal to the osmotic pressure. At that point, osmosis will stop.
Osmosis, by the way, is why drinking salty water (like ocean water) will kill you. When you put salty water in your stomach, osmotic pressure begins drawing water out of your body to try to dilute the salt in your stomach. Eventually, you dehydrate and die.
In reverse osmosis, the idea is to use the membrane to act like an extremely fine filter to create drinkable water from salty (or otherwise contaminated) water. The salty water is put on one side of the membrane and pressure is applied to stop, and then reverse, the osmotic process. It generally takes a lot of pressure and is fairly slow, but it works.
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Homes & Living Areas
All types of offices & stores
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“Sick” buildings
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Smoking areas
Hotel rooms
High pollen environments
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Education > Rebates
FLORIDA RESIDENTIAL INCENTIVES
Incentives/Policies for Renewables and Efficiency
Green Building Incentive
Local Rebate Program
Other Incentive
Production Incentive
- Gainesville Regional Utilities - Solar Feed-In-Tariff
- Orlando Utilities Commission - Pilot Solar Programs
Sales Tax Exemption
Sales Tax Refund
State Rebate Program
Utility Loan Program
- City of Tallahassee Utilities - Solar and Efficiency Loans
- Clay Electric Cooperative, Inc - Energy Conservation Loans
- Clay Electric Cooperative, Inc - Solar Thermal Loans
- Gainesville Regional Utilities- Low-Interest Energy Efficiency Loan Program
- Orlando Utilities Commission - Residential Insulation Loan Program
- Orlando Utilities Commission - Residential Solar Loan Program
Utility Rebate Program
- Beaches Energy Services - Residential Energy Efficiency Rebate Program
- City of Tallahassee Utilities - Energy Star Certified New Homes Rebate Program
- City of Tallahassee Utilities - Residential Energy Efficiency Rebate Program
- City of Tallahassee Utilities - Solar Water Heating Rebate
- Clay Electric Cooperative, Inc - Energy Smart Energy Efficiency Rebate Program
- Clay Electric Cooperative, Inc - Energy Smart Solar Water Heater Rebate Program
- Florida Power and Light - Residential Energy Efficiency Program
- Florida Public Utilities (Electric) - Residential Energy Efficiency Rebate Programs
- Florida Public Utilities (Gas) - Residential Energy Efficiency Rebate Programs
- Fort Pierce Utilities Authority - Residential Energy Efficiency Rebate Program
- Gainesville Regional Utilities - Energy Efficiency Rebate Program
- Gainesville Regional Utilities - Solar Water Heating Rebate Program
- Gainesville Regional Utilities - Solar-Electric (PV) System Rebate Program
- Gulf Power - Geothermal Installation Rebate Program
- Gulf Power - Solar Thermal Water Heating Pilot Program
- JEA - Solar Incentive Program
- Kissimmee Utility Authority - Residential Energy Efficiency Rebate Program
- Lake Worth Utilities - Energy Conservation Rebate Program
- Lakeland Electric - Residential Conservation Rebate Program
- New Smyrna Beach - Residential Energy Efficiency Rebate Program
- Orlando Utilities Commission - Residential Energy Efficiency Rebate Program
- Progress Energy Florida - Home Energy Check Audit and Rebate Program
- Progress Energy Florida - Solar Water Heating with EnergyWise Program
- Tampa Electric - Residential Energy Efficiency Rebate Program
Rules, Regulations & Policies
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Net Metering
Florida - Net Metering
FLORIDA
Incentives/Policies for Renewables & Efficiency
Financial Incentives
Corporate Tax Credit
Green Building Incentive
Industry Recruitment/Support
Local Rebate Program
Other Incentive
Production Incentive
- Gainesville Regional Utilities - Solar Feed-In-Tariff
- Orlando Utilities Commission - Pilot Solar Programs
Sales Tax Exemption
Sales Tax Refund
State Rebate Program
Utility Grant Program
- City of Tallahassee Utilities - Low-Income Energy Efficiency Grant Programs
- Orlando Utilities Commission - Home Energy Efficiency Fix-Up Program
Utility Loan Program
- City of Tallahassee Utilities - Solar and Efficiency Loans
- Clay Electric Cooperative, Inc - Energy Conservation Loans
- Clay Electric Cooperative, Inc - Solar Thermal Loans
- Gainesville Regional Utilities- Low-Interest Energy Efficiency Loan Program
- Orlando Utilities Commission - Residential Insulation Loan Program
- Orlando Utilities Commission - Residential Solar Loan Program
Utility Rebate Program
- Beaches Energy Services - Residential Energy Efficiency Rebate Program
- City of Tallahassee Utilities - Energy Star Certified New Homes Rebate Program
- City of Tallahassee Utilities - Residential Energy Efficiency Rebate Program
- City of Tallahassee Utilities - Solar Water Heating Rebate
- Clay Electric Cooperative, Inc - Energy Smart Energy Efficiency Rebate Program
- Clay Electric Cooperative, Inc - Energy Smart Solar Water Heater Rebate Program
- Florida Power and Light - Business Energy Efficiency Rebates
- Florida Power and Light - Residential Energy Efficiency Program
- Florida Public Utilities (Electric) - Commercial Energy Efficiency Rebate Programs
- Florida Public Utilities (Electric) - Residential Energy Efficiency Rebate Programs
- Florida Public Utilities (Gas) - Residential Energy Efficiency Rebate Programs
- Fort Pierce Utilities Authority - Residential Energy Efficiency Rebate Program
- Gainesville Regional Utilities - Commercial Energy Efficiency Rebate Program
- Gainesville Regional Utilities - Energy Efficiency Rebate Program
- Gainesville Regional Utilities - Solar Water Heating Rebate Program
- Gainesville Regional Utilities - Solar-Electric (PV) System Rebate Program
- Gulf Power - Geothermal Installation Rebate Program
- Gulf Power - Solar Thermal Water Heating Pilot Program
- JEA - Green Built Homes of Florida Builder Rebate Program
- JEA - Solar Incentive Program
- Kissimmee Utility Authority - Commercial Energy Efficiency Rebate Program
- Kissimmee Utility Authority - Residential Energy Efficiency Rebate Program
- Lake Worth Utilities - Energy Conservation Rebate Program
- Lakeland Electric - Commercial Conservation Rebate Program
- Lakeland Electric - Residential Conservation Rebate Program
- New Smyrna Beach - LED Exit Sign Rebate
- New Smyrna Beach - Residential Energy Efficiency Rebate Program
- Orlando Utilities Commission - Residential Energy Efficiency Rebate Program
- Progress Energy Florida - Commercial Building Envelope Improvements Program
- Progress Energy Florida - Commercial Equipment Rebate Programs
- Progress Energy Florida - Home Energy Check Audit and Rebate Program
- Progress Energy Florida - Solar Water Heating with EnergyWise Program
- Tampa Electric - Commercial Energy Efficiency Rebate Programs
- Tampa Electric - Residential Energy Efficiency Rebate Program
Rules, Regulations & Policies
Building Energy Code
Contractor Licensing
Energy Standards for Public Buildings
Equipment Certification
Interconnection
Net Metering
Renewables Portfolio Standard
Solar Access Law/Guideline
Solar and Wind Access Law
Related Programs & Initiatives
Alternative Fuels and Advanced Vehicles Data Center
The U.S. Department of Energy's Alternative Fuels and Advanced Vehicles Data Center (AFDC) provides a wide range of information and resources to enable the use of alternative fuels and other petroleum-reduction options, such as advanced vehicles, fuel blends, idle reduction and fuel economy. The AFDC site offers a database of state and federal laws and incentives related to alternative fuels and vehicles, air quality, fuel efficiency, and other transportation-related topics.
Green Power Network
The U.S. Department of Energy's Green Power Network provides news and information on green power markets and activities, including opportunities to buy green power. This site provides state-by-state information on green power marketing and utility green power programs. In addition, the site lists marketers of renewable energy credits (RECs), also known as green tags or renewable energy certificates, which represent the environmental attributes of the power produced from renewable energy projects.
Weatherization Assistance Program
The U.S. Department of Energy's Weatherization Assistance Program (WAP) enables low-income families to reduce their energy bills by making their homes more energy-efficient. Through this program, weatherization service providers install energy-efficiency measures in the homes of qualifying homeowners free of charge. The WAP program web site offers a state-by-state map of opportunities, projects and activities.
Wind Powering America
The U.S. Department of Energy's Wind Powering America site provides state-by-state information on wind projects and activities, including wind working groups, validated wind maps, anemometer loan programs, small wind guides, state-specific news, wind for schools, workshops and web casts.
FEDERAL
Incentives/Policies for Renewables & Efficiency
Financial Incentives
Corporate Deduction
Corporate Depreciation
Corporate Exemption
Corporate Tax Credit
- Business Energy Investment Tax Credit (ITC)
- Energy-Efficient Appliance Tax Credit for Manufacturers
- Energy-Efficient New Homes Tax Credit for Home Builders
- Renewable Electricity Production Tax Credit (PTC)
Federal Grant Program
- Tribal Energy Program Grant
- U.S. Department of Treasury - Renewable Energy Grants
- USDA - Rural Energy for America Program (REAP) Grants
Federal Loan Program
- Clean Renewable Energy Bonds (CREBs)
- Energy-Efficient Mortgages
- Qualified Energy Conservation Bonds (QECBs)
- U.S. Department of Energy - Loan Guarantee Program
- USDA - Rural Energy for America Program (REAP) Loan Guarantees
Industry Recruitment/Support
Personal Exemption
Personal Tax Credit
Production Incentive
Rules, Regulations & Policies
Appliance/Equipment Efficiency Standards
Energy Standards for Public Buildings
Green Power Purchasing/Aggregation
Interconnection
